Minor Losses
One of the example of minor losses is the entrance flow loss. A typical flow pattern for flow entering a sharp-edged entrance is shown in the following page. A vena contracta region if formed at the inlet because the fluid can not turn a sharp corner. Flow separation and associated viscous effects will tend to decrease the flow energy and the phenomenon is complicated. To simplify the analysis, a head loss and the associated loss coefficient are used in the extended Bernoulli’s equation to take into consideration of this effect as described in the next page.