3.9 Principal Strain

Previous: Example Problem 3.8.2

Since  is real and symmetric, there are three mutually perpendicular directions for which is diagonal

        are  the principal directions of strain

    are the three Principal strains (maximum and minimum strains)

The characteristic equation for  is

  s are the scalar invariants

e = change in unit volume = DV/V

3.10 Dilatation

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