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\LARGE \textbf{Engineering Design Process}\\
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\textbf{Yousef Haik and Namas Chandra}\\
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Florida A\& M University - Florida State University\\
College of Engineering\\
Department of Mechanical Engineering\\
Tallahassee, FL 32310
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\chapter{Preface}
Early human history shows that artifact design was based on
human need.  A knife was invented to protect human from his surrounding. 
Egyptian invented the wheels to make their traveling and transportation 
easier and so on.  The terminology "the need is mother invention" was
demonstrated by the different human inventions.  The idea of design and development 
is what distinguishes engineering from
science.  Engineers throughout history have wrestled with problems of water not
being where it was needed, of minerals not being close at hand, of building
materials having to be moved.  Ancient engineers were often called upon to
devise means of erecting great monuments, to design defenses against enemies and
to move people and goods across rough terrain and rougher water.
  These artifacts were primarily inventive in nature and
predominantly characterized by cut and try approaches.  Until Galileo and Newton
who laid the foundations for the analytical methods that students now learn in
engineering schools.  The Industrial Revolution brought a profileration of new
machines and manufacturing techniques and this in turn provided an impetus for
the growth of science and commerce on the international scale.
The history of engineering is rich with stories of success triumphaling over
failure.

In early 1900s it was common in American industry  for inventions to be made by
a Master Mechanic and then a draftsman was called to copy on paper what had
been  synthesized experimentally in the shop.  The value of synthesizing on
paper was soon realized since it was less costly and more efficient to erase
rather than to remake parts in the shop.  Recent trends have been to apply
theory where appropriate in the process of mechanical design.  However, in the
total picture it is emphasized that all of the useful ingredient, such as
various aspects of art, science, engineering, practical experience and
ingenuity must be properly blended in the design process. A successful design is
acheived when a logical procedure is followed to meet  a specific need.  The
procedure, called the design process, is similar to the scientific methof with
respect to a step by step routine.  The design process encompasses the following
activities, all of which must be completed
\begin{enumerate}
\item Idenftification of a need
\item Preoblem definition (Goals)
\item Market analysis (Search)
\item Specifications and constarins
\item Function analysis
\item Generating ideas
\item Evaluating Alternatives
\item Analysis
\item Experiment
\item Marketing
\end{enumerate}

In most times, designs are not accomplished by an engineer simply completing the
design steps shown in the given order.  The design process hold within its
structure an iterative procedure, as the engineer proceeds through the
steps, new information may be discovered and new objectives may be specified then
the steps need to be revisited again.   The more time and effort an engineer
spends on the problem definition and understanding the need statement, the less
frequent the number of iteration that may be needed.

In these notes we tried to provide  the student with a reference for the course
and present the material in a systematic easy to understand manner.  Students are
highly encouraged to submitt their comments and suggestions to the authors. 






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