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\LARGE \textbf{Engineering Design Process}\\
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\textbf{Yousef Haik}\\
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Florida A\& M University - Florida State University\\
College of Engineering\\
Department of Mechanical Engineering\\
Tallahassee, FL 32310
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\chapter{Preface}

Early human history shows that the design of artifacts was determined by
human needs. For example, the knife was invented to protect humans from the danger of their surroundings, 
and Egyptians invented the wheel to facilitate traveling and transportation.  The truth of the dictum "need is the mother of invention" was
is demonstrated here.  The idea of design and development 
is what distinguishes engineering from
science.  Engineers throughout history have wrestled with problems of water not
being where it is needed, of minerals not being close at hand, of building
materials having to be moved.  Ancient engineers were often called upon to
devise the means for erecting great monuments, for designing defenses against enemies, and
for moving people and goods across rough terrain and even rougher water.
  These endeavors were primarily inventive in nature and
invariably approached through trial and error.  However, it was not until the time of Galileo and Newton
that the foundations students now learn in
engineering schools were established.  The Industrial Revolution brought a profileration of new
machines and manufacturing techniques and provided an impetus for
the growth of science and commerce on an international scale.
The history of engineering abounds with stories of success triumphing over
failure.

In the early 1900s, it was common in American industry for master mechanics to invent and, subsequently, for draftsmen to copy on paper what had
been synthesized experimentally in the shop. Since it was less costly and more efficient to erase
rather than to remake parts in the shop, the value of synthesizing on paper was soon realized.  Recent trends have been to apply
theory where appropriate in the process of mechanical design. But overall, it is emphasized that all of the useful ingredients - such as
various aspects of art, science, engineering, practical experience and
ingenuity - must be properly blended in the design process. A successful design is
achieved when a logical procedure is followed to meet a specific need.  This
procedure, called the "design process", is similar to the scientific method with
respect to its step by step routine.  The design process entails the following
activities, all of which must be completed
\begin{enumerate}
\item Idenftification of a need
\item Preoblem definition (Goals)
\item Market analysis (Search)
\item Specifications and constarins
\item Function analysis
\item Generating ideas
\item Evaluating alternatives
\item Analysis
\item Experiment
\item Marketing
\end{enumerate}

Often, designs are not accomplished by an engineer simply completing the
design steps in the given order.  The design process holds within its
structure an iterative procedure: as the engineer proceeds through the
steps, new information may be discovered and new objectives may be specified, a point at which
the steps may require revisiting.   The more time and effort an engineer
spends on articulating the problem definition and understanding the need statement, the less
frequent the need for iteration.

In these notes, we try to provide the student with a reference for the course
and to present the material in a systematic, easy-to-understand manner.  Students are
highly encouraged to submit their comments and suggestions to the authors. 






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