PPT Slide
If materials were perfect, those high values would have been reached. Real crystals deviate from the perfect periodically that was assumed in the previous section because they contain imperfections.
Point imperfection: When the deviation from the periodic arrangement of the lattice is localized to the vicinity of only a few atoms it is called a point defect.
Lattice imperfection: If the defect extends through microscopic regions of the crystal. These may be divided into:
- line (one-dimensional) defects
- surface or area (two-dimensional) defects
- plane or volume (three-dimensional) defects