Example

If, at 400 oC, the concentration of vacancies in aluminum is 2.3 x 10-5, what is the excess concentration of vacancies if the aluminum is quenched from 600 oC to room temperature? What is the number of vacancies in one cubic ?m of quenched aluminum?

Given, Es = 0.62 eV

k = 86.2 x 10-6 eV/K,

rAl = 0.143 nm

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