This course is the second part of a newly designed two-course sequence on thermal and fluid sciences. These new courses combine the traditional thermal disciplines in Thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics into one integrated subject: Design and analysis of thermal systems. Case studies based on real-world thermal systems will be used throughout the class to illustrate the connection between these interdisciplinary subjects. The lecture materials cover: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, various power and refrigeration cycles, heat transfer modes including steady and unsteady conduction, convection and radiation, flow statics and buoyancy, mass, momentum and energy conservation, Bernoulli equations, internal and external flows.  The following objectives will be accomplished after the completion of these classes:

• To learn the fundamentals of engineering Thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics.

• To learn techniques for formulating and solving thermal and fluid problems with emphasis on using an integrated and just-in-time teaching strategy.

• To prepare students for advanced courses in thermal and fluid sciences.

• To prepare students for competence in the workplace through cooperative group works and extensive computer-based teaching and learning.

The second class places more emphasis on the subjects of the heat transfer and the fluid mechanics.  We are going to pick up what we had learned at the end of the last semester: that is to study more about the 1-D and 2-D conduction heat transfers.  New concepts such as numerical methods (using finite difference and finite element schemes) and analytical methods (solving Laplace equation by separation of variables) will be introduced to solve sample 2-D heat transfer problems.  We will also discuss the use of extended-surface/fin analysis for heat transfer enhancement.   (As an example, we will look at the heat dissipation analysis of a Pentium CPU chip)  Unsteady heat conduction problems involve the analysis of the time-dependent solution of the heat equation.   (We will use a thermal spray process as our real-world example)

Flow statics, including pressure distribution and forces acting on submerged surfaces, and buoyancy effects will be discussed as how they are related to hydraulic applications (Water dam design will be used here as a case study)

In order to analyze the convective heat transfer, fundamentals of the fluid mechanics will be needed.  We will re-examine the governing equations (mass, momentum and energy conservation principles) of the fluid mechanics in more details.   There are two approaches to analyze the basic equations: the integral form and the differential form.  The integral approach examines the integrated effects of the fluid acting on a control volume.  It describes the overall balance of the mass, momentum and energy of the fluid system within a selected region (we will use jet engine propulsion as study case).  The differential approach provides a detailed point by point knowledge of the flow field.  (A brief introduction of the famous Navier-Stokes equations will be given)

The concepts of velocity and thermal boundary layers will be examined.  The former is important considering the skin friction drag on an object and the flow separation phenomenon.  (For example: a steamlined body shape is necessary to prevent flow separation from the surface, therefore, reducing pressure drag on the object) The growth of the thermal boundary layer determines the amount of the convective heat transfer between the fluid and a solid surface.  (We will use the film cooling over a turbine blade as a case study here).  We will examine boundary layer concept on both the internal (such as a pipe flow) and external (such as flow over a flat plate) flow conditions.

We will revisit the theory of thermal radiation.  In addition to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, we will study the Planck blackbody radiation, its spectral distribution, surface emission, the Gray surface. (Green-house effect will be examined here)

Finally, if time is available, we will use the solar power plant as our final case study to review all subjects learned in both thermal fluid I & II, including: all heat transfer modes, energy balance, thermal efficiency, thermodynamic properties, power cycles, flows through pumps, pipes, turbines, heat exchangers, etc.

(Note: HT- Heat Transfer Text, FM-Fluid Mechanics text, WEB-course web page)