Fundamental of Propulsion
Systems, Spring 2006
Course
Outlines:
This
course is a technical elective course designed for senior-level (and graduate
level) mechanical engineering students in the area of thermal and fluid
sciences. It emphasizes on the detailed analysis of the performance of
traditional propulsion systems using fundamental principles of the
thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics. In previous years
(before fall 2001), systems studied in the class include turbojet, turbofan,
ramjet engines and rocket propulsion system. Since then, the study of
piston type internal combustion (IC) engines has been included for its
practical importance to mechanical engineering majors. On the other hand,
the discussion of rocket engines has been omitted due to the lack of time
consideration. Therefore, the current course can be categorized into two
parts: The first part deals with the discussion of traditional IC engines and
will be followed by the discussion of modern jet propulsive systems. The
following subjects will be covered in the class:
·
Introduction and review of fundamental thermal sciences,
including thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and how they can
be applied to the design/analysis of IC and jet engines.
·
Introduction of IC engines and their operations.
·
Thermodynamic considerations: Gas power cycles analysis
(Ideal and real Otto cycle)
·
Heat transfer and fluid mechanics of IC engine design (engine
cooling, intake and exhaust flows, flow in cylinders)
·
Overall IC engine performance (engine sizing, mean effective
pressure (MEP), power and torque)
·
Introduction to jet propulsion systems and their operations
(turbojet, turbofan, ramjet).
·
Thermodynamic considerations: Gas turbine analysis (Ideal and
real Brayton cycle)
·
Heat transfer and fluid mechanics of turbojet design (flow
thru components, turbine cooling, compressible flow consideration)
·
Overall jet engine performance (component matching, noise
& emission considerations)
Another equally important objective of the course is to
provide a comprehensive review and integration of the fundamentals of thermodynamics,
heat transfer and fluid mechanics into the course by applying
these thermal science principles to the analysis of practical thermal systems
such as IC and jet engines. Therefore, this class can also be considered
as an extended case study of real-world applications for the integrated thermal
science course sequence (EML 3015 & EML 3016). Hopefully, at the
conclusion of this class, students would achieve a better understanding of how
fundamental science and engineering can be applied to the design and analysis
of thermal systems.
Class
Time: Lecture: two 1:15 sessions per week TR 10:15-11:30 am,
Room B115
Instructors: Dr. C.
Shih, CEB 229, Tel: (office) 410-6321, Email: shih@eng.fsu.edu,
Course Web Page: http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~shih/eml4421/index.htm
Office
Hours: TR 11:30 am - 1:00 pm
Teaching
Assistants: TBA
Textbooks:
Recommended References:
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Propulsion (MTP) by Phillip
Hill & Carl Peterson
Gas
Turbine Theory (GTT) by Saravanamuttoo, Rogers, and
Cohen
Engines, An
Introduction (IE) by John L. Lumley
Other References:
Introduction to Thermodynamics
and Heat Transfer (ITHT) by Yunus A. Cengel
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
(FM) by Fox & McDonald
Internal Combustion Engine by
John B. Heywood
Fundamentals
of Gas Turbines by Bathie
REREQUISITES:
This
course requires that you have taken and passed Thermal and Fluids I (EML 3015)
& II (EML 3016) or all the following three equivalent Mechanical Engineering
courses (Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, and Fluid Mechanics)
Homeworks:
This
is not group work and each
student will need to submit homework individually. NO CREDIT will be given for late
homework. Homework solutions will be provided soon after the problem set is
due.
DETAILS:
Homework is to be written on 8.5" by 11" paper - ONE SIDE only. One problem per page. Pages must be stapled together. No
credit will be given for homework that does not comply with these
details. Homeworks always due one week after the assignment.
Grading Assignment:
Grading Scale:
90 – 100, A; 80 – 89, B; 70 –
79, C; 60 – 69, D; 0 -59, F
Departmental policy is that a
grade of C or better is required to pass this course.
ATTENDANCE:
Attendance is mandatory and you
should always be ON TIME. Unexcused absence(s) will adversely affect your final
grade. In accordance with the policies of the universities, students with more
than 3 UNEXCUSED ABSENCES will receive an automatic F. Excuses must be turned
in to the instructor within two weeks of the absence.
HONOR CODE
Students caught cheating on an
exam or quiz will receive a "F" for the
class.
GROUP PROJECTS
Each group will be responsible
to study and learn a specific thermal aspect of either an IC engine or a jet
propulsion system that have not been covered in the class (suggested research topics
will be provided in the class). Should present finding to fellow students
through oral presentation (in a formal classroom setting). Should publish your teaching materials over the Internet as a
web-source page. Finally, should submit a final report at the end
of the semester. Project details will be
discussed in class.
EXAMS
In addition to quizzes, there
will be 2 scheduled in-class exams: No makeup exams will be given unless
legitimate excuse is provided with the approval of instructor. All exams
are closed book; necessary formulas will be provided. Test times will be
scheduled later.
FINAL EXAM
A final exam (20% of the grade)
is scheduled during finals week. The final exam is closed book; necessary
formulas will be provided.
Tentative Class Schedule for
EML 4421 (Spring 2006)
(MTP- Propulsion text Text,
ICE-Internal Combustion Engine text)
(ITHT-Intro. to Thermo &
Heat Transfer/EML 3015 text)
(FM- Intro. to Fluid
Mechanics/EML 3016 text)
|
WEEK |
DESCRIPTION |
TEXTBOOK& CHAPTERS |
|
1 |
Introduction to IC
engines: engine design, engine cycles, operating parameters, engine
configurations |
Supplementary WEB |
|
2 |
Engine Thermodynamics
I: review of gas power cycles (Ideal Otto, Diesel, Dual
cycles). |
ICE chapter 1 ITHT
chapter 7-3 to 7-6 WEB |
|
3 |
Engine Thermodynamics
II: real engine cycles Superchargers
and turbochargers |
ICE chapter 1 WEB |
|
4 |
Engine Fluid Mechanics
I: review of fundamentals of fluid mechanics (incompressible) Introduction
to compressible fluid mechanics: 1-D isentropic relation, flow thru nozzles,
shock waves |
MTP chapter 3 FM
chapters 11 & 12 WEB |
|
5 |
Engine Fluid Mechanics
II: Flows in valves, intake and exhaust manifolds, cylinders Carburetors
and fuel injectors |
ICE
chapters 2, 5 & 6 WEB |
|
6 |
Engine Heat Transfer:
review heat transfer modes, energy balance concept, engine cooling system,
cylinder heat transfer model considerations |
ICE chapter 3 WEB |
|
7 |
Engine overall
performance (Stanford’s ESP codes) |
ICE chapters 6, 8 WEB |
|
8 |
Introduction to jet
engines (turbojet, turbofan, ramjet) |
ITHT chapter 7-7 to
7-9 MTP chapter 5 Supplementary
Notes & WEB |
|
9 |
Jet Engine
Thermodynamics I: Ideal Brayton cycle
(Air-standard, Actual medium) |
MTP chapter 5 |
|
10 |
Jet Engine
Thermodynamics II: |
MTP chapter 5 WEB |
|
11 |
Turbines (stage
dynamics, stage efficiency, blade cooling, etc). |
MTP chapter 8 WEB |
|
12 |
Compressors (work and
compression, single and multi-stage compressor designs, etc). |
MTP chapter 9 WEB |
|
13 |
Inlets, combustion
chambers, and nozzles (subsonic & supersonic inlets, combustor
performance, afterburners and ramjet combustors, etc). |
MTP chapter 6 WEB |
|
14 |
Jet Engine Overall
Performance (efficiency, environmental considerations, emission and noise
concerns, etc). Component Matching
(turbine-compressor energy balance, general matching procedures, transient
operation, etc). |
MTP chapter 5.7 &
5.8 WEB
|