48-1+4=51 ==> ~55 , 90 min

>40% subnetting

crossover, rollover, straight-through


labs:
(1)fundamental: hostname, enable secret, line con 0, line vty 0 4, int addr
(2)RIPv2
(3)IP NAT (more to less overload)
ip nat inside source list 1 NATPOOL overload
** inside local outside local

VLSM: OSPF, EIGRP, RIPv2
EIGRP unequal load balancing
OSPF: (1)hello timer, dead interval, area number
      (2)instance #, not the AS number

10.10.10.0/24  max hosts=254  (10.10.10.0, 10.10.10.255)
10.10.10.0/23  max hosts=510  (10.10.10.0, 10.10.11.255)  
usable: 10.10.10.255, 10.10.11.0

66 hosts ==> /25
256 = /24
128 = /25
64  = /26
32  = /27
16  = /28

310 hosts = /23

ip subnet-zero is not set

16=240~255
/28
0,16,32,48,64,...,240
256/16=16 subnets

/29
size=8
the last available ip address of the fifth AVAILABLE subnet

0,8,16,24,32,40,
46

A ---- SW1---- R1 ---- R2 ---- SW2 ---- B


s0/0/0 1.1.1.216/29
  ip addr 1.1.1.222 255.255.255.248

fa0/0 2.2.2.64/27
int fa0/0
  ip addr 2.2.2.94 255.255.255.224

collision domain/broadcast domain

Private IP address == NAT ==> Internet

VTP = must have trunk link
VTP = server, client, transparent
VLAN = logical grouping, create (increase) broadcast domains, security

PPP authentication
FRAME RELAY  (map, dlci)

wireless interference: Microwave, cordless phone
wireless overlap: different channel for each cell, ESS

troubleshooting ==> problem in Transport layer (QoS)
where to start troubleshooting?
presentation
transport
network
physical