Thermal Considerations in a Pipe Flow

• Thermal conditions
  • Laminar or turbulent
  • entrance flow and fully developed thermal condition

Thermal entrance region, xfd,t

For laminar flows the thermal entrance length is a function of the Reynolds number and the Prandtle number: xfd,t/D ? 0.05ReDPr, where the Prandtl number is defined as Pr = ?/? and a is the thermal diffusitivity.

For turbulent flow, xfd,t ? 10D.

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