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Industrial Applications
Important
applications of liquid-liquid extraction:
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Industry |
Objective |
Feed |
Typical Solvents |
Remarks |
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Petroleum and petrochemicals |
Dewaxing lubricating oils |
Crude lube stocks |
Glycols, furfural, cresol, liquid SO2 |
Wide variety of solvents have been used |
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Higher octane aromatic fuels |
Aliphatic-aromatic mixtures |
Glycols, sulfolane |
Demand affected by legislation |
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Desulfurization for reduced emissions |
Sour distillates |
Dilute aqueous base |
Product is elemental sulfur after further reaction |
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Butadiene-butene separation |
Incompletely dehydrogenated feed |
Aqueous copper complexes |
Unreacted butene is recycled |
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Pure monomers for nylon |
Impure caprolactam |
Toluene |
High purity from many stages |
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Pharmaceuticals and foods |
Concentrating impure antibiotics |
Filtered fermentation beer |
Amylacetate, methylene chloride |
Penicillin is a good example |
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Refining fats and oils |
Soybeans, etc. |
Propane, hexane |
Supercritical CO2 is often suggested |
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Metals |
Concentrating copper for electrowinning |
Acidic leach liquors |
Hydroxyoximes in kerosene |
pH changes are key |
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Uranium and rare earth separations |
Acidic leach liquors |
Tertiary amines in kerosene |
Future depends on nuclear power |
Diffusion
Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems 2nd Edition, pg 295
Perfume Industry Oil
Purification
FAMU-FSU
Laboratory Apparatus
Last modified:
November 7, 2001
Created by Team
#2