N.2 His­tory and wish list

• Aug. 26, 2018. Ver­sion 5.63 al­pha.

  The main new thing is a cor­rec­tion in sec­tion 6.23 on Semi­con­duc­tors. In the de­tailed ex­pla­na­tion of how n-type semi­con­duc­tors work, I wrote some­where “con­duc­tion band” where I meant va­lence band. This of course does not im­prove clar­ity. Even af­ter fix­ing, I thought the dis­cus­sion was still con­fus­ing, so I rewrote the cor­re­spond­ing para­graphs from scratch.

• July 3, 2018. Ver­sion 5.62 al­pha.

  Mainly rewrites of Hartree-Fock de­riva­tion {D.54}. If I can­not fol­low my own rea­son­ing, it is pretty bad.

• April 27, 2018. Ver­sion 5.61 al­pha.

  Rewrote sec­tion 9.1.1 for read­abil­ity. Also rewrote ad­den­dum {A.7}. Other mi­nor rewrites.

  Re­post­ing be­cause an (un­un­der­stood) la­tex2html bug ap­peared out of noth­ing with the (tricky) way $\vphantom{0}\raisebox{1.5pt}{$-$}$1 is for­mat­ted on the web pages. This bug is not re­peat­able and it did not hap­pen for the col­orized ver­sion nor for the re­make. I am putting in some pre­cau­tions any­way.

• April 20, 2018. Ver­sion 5.60 al­pha.

  Rewrote the in­tro­duc­tory Hartree-Fock sec­tion 9.3.1 to be more read­able and more in­de­pen­dent of ear­lier chap­ters. Ex­panded on the de­scrip­tion of Hartree-Fock cor­re­la­tion en­ergy in 9.3.5.4 and its note N.18. In­com­plete, but I am post­ing it now be­cause I found and fixed some ugly er­rors.

• Mar. 4, 2018. Ver­sion 5.59 al­pha.

  Cor­rected a typo ($j$ in­stead of $l$ for or­bital an­gu­lar mo­men­tum) at the start of sec­tion 12.8.

  In Mul­ti­ple-Par­ti­cle Sys­tems:

  In the pe­ri­odic ta­ble, added the re­cently as­signed names for el­e­ment num­bers 113, 115, 117, 118. Now every el­e­ment in the ta­ble has a real name.

  In Macro­scopic sys­tems:

  Com­pletely rewrote note N.9 ex­plain­ing how band gaps arise if you add a bit of a pe­ri­odic po­ten­tial to the free elec­tron gas. Cor­rected “the crys­tal spac­ing is a half-in­te­ger mul­ti­ple of the [Bragg] wave lengths” into “dou­ble the atom spac­ing is a whole mul­ti­ple of the wave lengths”. (half-in­te­ger seems to ex­clude “whole in­te­ger.”)

  In Time Evo­lu­tion:

  Cleaned up the links in the pdf to the an­i­ma­tions on the web. Also, weblinks now go to the same server as the pdf is down­loaded from.

  Com­pletely rewrote ad­den­dum A.17 on the vir­ial the­o­rem, as I now ex­pect I will need it when I cover den­sity func­tional the­ory.

  In Clas­si­cal and Quan­tum Ther­mo­dy­nam­ics:

  More rewrites in Spe­cific Heats.

  In Nu­clei:

  Added the $Z$ vs $N$ form of all $Z$ vs $\Delta N$ graphs as ex­ter­nal pdf files.

  Showed the nu­clear de­cay processes first in a “Chart of the Nu­clides” ($Z$ vs $N$) form.

  Ex­plained how the $Z$ vs $\Delta N$ form clearly il­lus­trates that nu­cle­ons of the same type like to pair up, while the $Z$ vs $N$ form does not.

  In sub­sec­tion 14.5.1, added a graph show­ing half-lifes in ad­di­tion to the nu­clear de­cay processes.

  Changed spin col­ors to make the in­di­vid­ual spins eas­ier to rec­og­nize.

  Left out the un­used col­ors in the leg­ends for the same rea­son.

  In the spin plots, nu­clei whose spin has reser­va­tions are now shown in the ex­pected color in­stead of yel­low, with a light check mark (a cross if none yet). That in­creases in­for­ma­tion con­tent a lot. All nu­clei now get a mark in the spin plots ex­cept those with un­known spin (yel­low squares). Added a mark for nu­clei in which an im­per­fect odd-nu­cleon model low­ers the spin by one unit.

  For the par­ity plots, used light col­ors in­stead of yel­low crosses to in­di­cate which par­i­ties with reser­va­tions are pre­dicted OK or not. In the odd-even re­spec­tively even-odd par­ity graphs, shell model par­ity lines are now only shown at the odd-even, re­spec­tively even-odd lo­ca­tions. Both sets of odd-$A$ par­ity lines are now shown in the odd-odd par­ity graphs.

  In the beta de­cay rate plots, added the sta­ble nu­clei to fill in the holes with known data.

  In gamma de­cay, I con­verted sub­sec­tion N.36 into a note. Which it should al­ways have been, as it is not part of stan­dard the­ory but an hy­poth­e­sis. Also rewrote it quite a bit to im­prove the pre­sen­ta­tion.

• Nov 1, 2016. Ver­sion 5.57 al­pha. Cor­rected a num­ber of er­rors and poor phras­ings pointed out by var­i­ous read­ers, as in the ac­knowl­edge­ments.

  Cor­rected mol­e­c­u­lar mass in “The New Vari­ables” into mo­lar mass. Can­not com­plain about oth­ers if I do it my­self.

  Yes, I need to get back to do­ing some more se­ri­ous writ­ing on this book.

• Feb 4, 2015. Ver­sion 5.57 al­pha. Cor­rected some rather hor­ri­ble ty­pos pointed out by Rob Vossen.

• Nov 14, 2013. Ver­sion 5.56 al­pha. The book has been con­verted to be processed by l2h in­stead of L^ATEX2HTML-FU. Web page hy­phen­ation and bad-math-break pre­ven­tion are now done by l2h, in­stead of in­side the la­tex source. And the Word­per­fect and MS Word gram­mar check­ers can now be ap­plied. (In doc­u­ment pieces, to be sure. Not on all 1,600 pages at once!) Re­moved we from the no­ta­tions. More rewrit­ing of {A.9}. Added Flerovium and Liv­er­mo­rium to the pe­ri­odic ta­ble. Cor­rected some er­rors pointed out by kind read­ers.

• June 15, 2012. Ver­sion 5.55 al­pha. Added hy­per­spheres to the no­ta­tions. Fin­ished {A.8} and {D.22}. Rewrote {A.9}. These may need some more edit­ing. The prob­lems of the pre­vi­ous ver­sion with the in­dex have been fixed. Var­i­ous small prob­lems fixed.

  Var­i­ous cor­rec­tions of this ver­sion were posted the next few days. They only dif­fer in for­mat­ting of the in­dex and no­ta­tions. Also some very mi­nor edit­ing, part of which may not have been posted. But now the for­mat­ting prob­lems re­ally seem fixed. I hope.

• June 11, 2012. Ver­sion 5.54 al­pha. Added the screened Pois­son equa­tion to {D.2}. Rewrote {A.8} on pos­i­tive unique ground states and added an ex­plana­tory fig­ure. Needs more work. Added an en­try on spher­i­cal co­or­di­nates to the no­ta­tions. Cleaned up and ex­panded {D.14} a bit. Edit­ing of {A.42}. Im­proved the val­ues of the phys­i­cal con­stants in the no­ta­tions. Im­proved align­ment of in­line math for In­ter­net Ex­plorer. Took in­line equa­tions apart and added tuned re­la­tion sym­bols. Cre­ated a bet­ter key im­age for key points. Im­proved ap­pear­ance of the key point and ques­tion lists. Bolded math la­bels in the no­ta­tions and added some space be­hind the la­bels. In the web ver­sion sym­bols are no longer on pre­ced­ing lines. In the pdf, links are now en­closed by non-of­fen­sive thin grey lines. Urls are now en­closed by non-of­fen­sive thin black lines. In html, very long words, in­clud­ing all 14 char­ac­ters long or more. will now hy­phen­ate if needed. That in­cludes one-di­men­sion­al, two-di­men­sion­al, three-di­men­sion­al, four-di­men­sion­al, $n$-​di­men­sion­al. ac­com­plish­ments, ac­knowl­edg­ments, an­ti­com­mu­ta­tors, an­ti­sym­met­ri­cally, an­ti­sym­metriza­tion, ... Also in html, stu­pid line breaks at in­line math im­ages should no longer oc­cur.

  Please note that surely ten thou­sands of small changes have been made. Some are bound to have in­tro­duced a prob­lem, es­pe­cially in for­mat­ting. I do think the es­thet­ics of the web pages has been im­proved tremen­dously. Even more so for In­ter­net Ex­plorer, I guess. (But I use linux.)

  Added note: the zipped ver­sion of this date has some mi­nor for­mat cor­rec­tions, but also an er­ror fix in {D.22} (which still needs more work.)

  Added note: un­for­tu­nately, now the in­dex looks like hell.

• May 4, 2012. Ver­sion 5.53 al­pha. Cor­rec­tions and ex­ten­sions to fun­da­men­tal forces, sec­tion 7.5.2. Edit­ing of {A.42}.

• Apr. 25, 2012. Ver­sion 5.52 al­pha. Edit­ing of {A.42}. Cor­rected fig­ures 3.3 and N.2. Very mi­nor changes the next day.

• Feb. 15, 2012. Ver­sion 5.51 al­pha. Im­proved dis­cus­sion of field op­er­a­tors in {A.15.9}. Added a brief ex­pla­na­tion of the Casimir force, {A.23.4}. Noted that pure par­ti­cle and pure an­tipar­ti­cle states pre­serve norm, {D.32} and {A.15.9}. Cor­rected that time re­ver­sal is an­tiu­ni­tary, not uni­tary, {A.19.2} Greatly ex­panded the dis­cus­sion of the Fourier in­ver­sion the­o­rem and Par­se­val, {A.26}. Added sep­a­rate de­riva­tion of the Green’s func­tion of the Pois­son equa­tion, {D.2}. Added an ex­am­ple of vari­a­tional cal­cu­lus, {A.2}. Added fields to clas­si­cal La­grangian and Hamil­ton­ian analy­sis, {A.1.5}. Added a new ad­den­dum on forces by par­ti­cle ex­change, {A.22}. While al­ready big, this one will need to be ex­panded in a later ver­sion. Added that lone sys­tems have def­i­nite spin and par­ity to chap­ter 7.3. Added draft ex­pla­na­tion of the OPEP to {A.42}.

• Dec. 15, 2011. Ver­sion 5.50 al­pha. Fur­ther rewrites and cor­rec­tion of a cou­ple of glar­ing er­rors in Quan­tum Field The­ory in a Nanoshell {A.15}. I think this ad­den­dum is now much bet­ter than it was orig­i­nally. Re­moved in­ter­pre­ta­tion of the pho­ton wave func­tion again. Rewrites in 8.7

• Dec. 12, 2011. Ver­sion 5.49 al­pha. Cor­rected pre­vi­ous his­tory item. The Dirac $\gamma$ ma­tri­ces are now de­fined, {A.36}. Rest mass is now just $m$, not $m_0$. Added note about Ma­jo­rana neu­tri­nos to {A.44}. Added ref­er­ence for gauge sym­me­tries in {A.19.5}. Put in some dis­claimers in {A.42}. Added an in­ter­pre­ta­tion of the pho­ton wave func­tion. There is now a much needed draft rewrite of Quan­tum Field The­ory in a Nanoshell {A.15}.

• Nov. 18, 2011. Ver­sion 5.48 al­pha. Added a com­plete com­par­i­son of the mixed di­pole and quadru­pole gamma de­cays, fig­ure 14.65. Mi­nor cor­re­spond­ing rewrites. Nowa­days NuDat 2 no longer tells you that you are re­quest­ing too much data and sim­ply gives you par­tial data. That ex­plained why M1 and E2 tran­si­tions stopped so quickly. It has been cor­rected. Added a de­scrip­tion of neu­tri­nos, {A.44}.

• Nov. 14, 2011. Ver­sion 5.47 al­pha. Cor­rected the de­f­i­n­i­tion of in­ter­val in spe­cial rel­a­tiv­ity to be au­thor-de­pen­dent. Due to a pro­gram er­ror, in the com­par­i­son of gamma de­cay with data the pro­gram was ac­tu­ally se­lect­ing the nu­clei to be as much the same as pos­si­ble, in­stead of as much dif­fer­ent as pos­si­ble. It has been cor­rected. Not that it makes much of a vi­sual dif­fer­ence. The text has been rewrit­ten a bit too. In the cage of Fara­day pro­posal, stu­pid me for­got about mea­sured elec­tro­mag­netic mo­ments. That seems to kill off Meis­ner pretty well. It has been rewrit­ten.

• Nov. 9, 2011. Ver­sion 5.46 al­pha. Mod­i­fied the cage of Fara­day pro­posal a bit.

• Nov. 8, 2011. Ver­sion 5.45 al­pha. Added the cage-of-Fara­day pro­posal, chap­ter N.36.

• Nov. 8, 2011. Ver­sion 5.44 al­pha. Added an ex­am­ple with­out charge in­de­pen­dence to isospin to clar­ify the need for it. Cor­rected a typo in a for­mula and mi­nor edit­ing. Added ex­am­ples to E0 in­ter­nal con­ver­sion and edited the text a bit in chap­ter 14.20.6. Added a com­par­i­son of the sin­gle-par­ti­cle the­ory of gamma de­cay with ex­per­i­men­tal data to chap­ter 14.20.5.

• Oct. 25, 2011. Ver­sion 5.43 al­pha. Fur­ther edit­ing of isospin. Seems to be OK for now. Some mi­nor edit­ing of quan­tum field the­ory.

• Oct. 17, 2011. Ver­sion 5.42 al­pha. Rewrote the dis­cus­sion for isospin. The orig­i­nal dis­cus­sion was only de­fen­si­ble for a very crude model of the deuteron. The cur­rent dis­cus­sion is bet­ter but needs more work.

• Oct. 12, 2011. Ver­sion 5.41 al­pha. I fi­nally got around to tak­ing out some very du­bi­ous state­ments on gamma de­cay in 14.20 that have been both­er­ing me for years. The re­lief is tremen­dous. I even man­aged to find a ball­park for the miss­ing E0 tran­si­tion.

• Oct. 03, 2011. Ver­sion 5.40 al­pha. Some mi­nor cor­rec­tions and im­prove­ments on emis­sion of ra­di­a­tion.

• Sep. 30, 2011. Ver­sion 5.39 al­pha. Some mi­nor cor­rec­tions and im­prove­ments on emis­sion of ra­di­a­tion. Be­ing do­ing other stuff.

• Sep. 26, 2011. Ver­sion 5.38 al­pha. Adds a ta­ble of hy­dro­gen ra­dial cor­rec­tion fac­tors. Deals bet­ter with the mag­netic tran­si­tions of non­rel­a­tivis­tic hy­dro­gen.

• Sep. 16, 2011. Ver­sion 5.37 al­pha. Mi­nor changes and cor­rec­tions in the pre­vi­ous items. Ex­panded the ta­ble with Weis­skopf/Moszkowski cor­rec­tion fac­tors.

• Sep. 12, 2011. Ver­sion 5.36 al­pha. Mi­nor changes in sec­tion 8.4. Added ad­den­dum {A.25} on mul­ti­pole tran­si­tions, with cor­re­spond­ing de­riva­tions and notes {D.43}, {N.13}, and {N.14}. Took out claim from Wikipedia that the 21 cm line is highly for­bid­den and re­placed it with low en­ergy.

• Aug. 10, 2011. Ver­sion 5.35 al­pha. Com­pleted ad­denda A.23 and A.24 Added sec­tion 8.4.

• Aug. 5, 2011. Ver­sion 5.34 al­pha. Sig­nif­i­cant rewrite of sec­tion 7.4.3. Do­ing the elec­tric tran­si­tions first re­ally helps get­ting rid of all the ifs and buts. Some rewrite of ad­den­dum N.10. Im­proved the dis­cus­sion of two-pho­ton zero an­gu­lar mo­men­tum in sec­tion 7.4.4. On sec­ond thought, bring­ing up the al­pha par­ti­cle in N.10 was a bad idea. The worst part is that the al­pha de­cay has an ex­po­nen­tial de­pen­dence on an­gu­lar mo­men­tum due to tun­nel­ing. That is less of an is­sue in beta de­cay, but then there is the blasted neu­trino. So the par­ti­cle is now a spin­less non­rel­a­tivis­tic pho­ton. Gee. The Lorentz gauge is now the Lorenz gauge. The Coulomb gauge is no longer mis­rep­re­sented. Rewrote ad­denda A.23 on sec­ond quan­ti­za­tion and A.24 on quan­tum de­riva­tion of spon­ta­neous emis­sion. They are in­com­plete; I am post­ing drafts since I have to go to work any­way.

• July 27, 2011. Ver­sion 5.33 al­pha. The elec­tric and mag­netic fields are now ${\cal E}$ and ${\cal B}$. Hope­fully. Based on [24, p. 240] and a sim­i­lar mes­sage in a physics news group, took the bold step of defin­ing a “type 2 wave func­tion” for the pho­ton. Some rewrite of ad­den­dum A.14. Cor­re­spond­ingly added notes A.21 and D.36 on the pho­ton wave func­tion and its de­riva­tion. They are in­com­plete; I am post­ing drafts since I have to go to work any­way.

• July 20, 2011. Ver­sion 5.32 al­pha. Cor­rected state­ment on par­ity of the pho­ton. What­ever I learn on the web does not hold up well. Added ad­den­dum A.20 on the spin of vec­tor par­ti­cles.

• July 18, 2011. Ver­sion 5.31 al­pha. Rewrote note physics of the fun­da­men­tal com­mu­ta­tors. Added an ad­den­dum with Maxwell's wave equa­tions. Added the Klein-Gor­don equa­tion. Or at least, added a sep­a­rate ad­den­dum for it, to even­tu­ally re­place scat­tered dis­cus­sions of it else­where.

• July 12, 2011. Ver­sion 5.30 al­pha. Nor­mal­ized ap­pen­dices to al­low ques­tion lists in them. Moved WKB to an ad­den­dum. Mi­nor rewrites in time evo­lu­tion. Added miss­ing links to de­riva­tions in rel­a­tiv­ity.

• July 05, 2011. Ver­sion 5.29 al­pha. Moved de­riva­tions from ad­denda to de­riva­tions. Added deuteron data from Ar­gonne v18. Slight rewrites for rel­a­tiv­ity. Re­lo­cated some ad­denda. Cleaned up adi­a­batic the­o­rem ad­den­dum and im­proved de­riva­tion. The Heisen­berg for­mu­la­tion has been moved to an ad­den­dum. There are now di­rect links to the an­i­mated fig­ures on the web in the pdf. The un­steady par­ti­cle in the pipe has been an­i­mated. Made J the sym­bol of generic an­gu­lar mo­men­tum, with much ef­fort. In 3D scat­ter­ing, D is a pri­vate sym­bol of Grif­fiths ac­cord­ing to his book on el­e­men­tary par­ti­cles, not a stan­dard sym­bol as I thought. It has been re­moved. Rewrote in­tro to two-state sys­tems. Changed ac­tion in rel­a­tivis­tic case to be sta­tion­ary, rather than least. Dropped claim ob­tained from In­ter­net of no pop­u­la­tion in­ver­sion for semi­con­duc­tor lasers. Gee. Ma­jor rewrite of the first half of time evo­lu­tion.

• June 2, 2011. Ver­sion 5.28 al­pha. Draft rewrite of the sec­tion on mod­el­ing the deuteron. Draft rewrite of the ad­den­dum on nu­clear forces.

• May 30, 2011. Ver­sion 5.27 al­pha. In­verted his­tory list. Tex­tual for­mu­lae make less use of im­ages. Tex­tual su­per­scripts like pow­ers and de­gree signs have been joined to their root with nobr tags. Made ta­ble for­mat­ting more con­sis­tent. Line length in html (at rec­om­mended browser width) has been re­duced a bit. It is still longer than in the pdf ver­sion, but about the same as Lam­port’s La­TeX book. Max­i­mum for­mu­lae, ta­ble, and fig­ure lengths are now con­sis­tent in html and equal to the rec­om­mended browser width. This re­quired a 3% re­duc­tion in dis­played for­mu­lae size. Ta­ble sizes must be ex­plic­itly set due to buggy L^ATEX2HTML code. Cen­ter en­vi­ron­ments have been re­placed by cen­ter­ing to elim­i­nate re­dun­dant space, usu­ally af­ter the cap­tion. Fixed for­mat­ting prob­lems in ta­ble of con­tents and lists of fig­ures, ta­bles. Pdf links to fig­ures and ta­bles do now show the ac­tual thing. Ad­vanced an­gu­lar mo­men­tum has been made a sep­a­rate chap­ter. HTML ta­ble of con­tents has been cleaned up. HTML trun­ca­tion of the two elec­tron Cleb­sch Gor­don fig­ure has been fixed. Ac­tu­ally, it has NOT been fixed. :() A new at­tempt has been im­ple­mented. Ex­panded the de­scrip­tion of fun­da­men­tal forces in the sec­tion on par­ti­cle ex­change. Draft rewrite of the first two sec­tions of nu­clei. Made the sec­tion on nu­clear forces a more lim­ited ad­den­dum. Also elim­i­nated a bad mis­take in it.

• Apr. 25, 2011. Ver­sion 5.26 al­pha. Some fur­ther mi­nor rewrites of the sec­tion on in­dex no­ta­tion. Spell check and mi­nor rewrites of the rel­a­tiv­ity chap­ter in gen­eral.

• Apr. 18, 2011. Ver­sion 5.25 al­pha. Rewrote sec­tion on in­dex no­ta­tion, added an ad­den­dum about it.

• Mar. 14, 2011. Ver­sion 5.24 al­pha. Bi­sected ad­denda on quan­tum field the­ory and per­tur­ba­tion the­ory. Started just a bit clean­ing up the chap­ter on nu­clei. One tiny step at a time.

• Mar. 14, 2011. Ver­sion 5.23 al­pha. Brought struc­ture into the 124 notes. Re­lo­cated the chap­ter Ad­di­tional Top­ics in the ad­denda notes. Made rel­a­tiv­ity a sep­a­rate Part. Mi­nor rewrites in the in­tro to nu­clei.

• Mar. 8, 2011. Ver­sion 5.22 al­pha. Noted and fixed a blun­der on cos­mic red­shift. Some­times I do not seem to think at all. Every­one else seems to make the same blun­der??

• Mar. 7, 2011. Ver­sion 5.21 al­pha. All re­main­ing low-res­o­lu­tion bitmap graph­ics are gone. Spher­i­cal Han­kel and Bessel func­tions have been taken out of the note on 3D scat­ter­ing and given their own note. The same for the in­te­gral Schrö­din­ger equa­tion. The re­main­ing note on 3D scat­ter­ing has been given a much needed clean up. Some rewrites in the note on sym­me­tries.

• Feb. 7, 2011. Ver­sion 5.20 al­pha. Some changes in the sec­tion and note on con­ser­va­tion laws and sym­me­tries. A large frac­tion of the re­main­ing low-res­o­lu­tion bitmap graph­ics has been re­placed by higher qual­ity vec­tor graph­ics. The note on spe­cial rel­a­tiv­ity has been turned into a chap­ter.

• Jan. 16, 2011. Ver­sion 5.19 al­pha. Very mi­nor changes in the sec­tion on con­ser­va­tion laws and sym­me­tries.

• Jan. 3, 2011. Ver­sion 5.18 al­pha. Re­vised sec­tion on con­ser­va­tion laws and sym­me­tries. Slight cos­metic im­prove­ments in some fig­ures.

• Nov. 30, 2010. Ver­sion 5.17 al­pha. Moved hy­dro­gen and he­lium to the end of the pe­ri­odic ta­ble; I sim­ply got tired of say­ing ex­cept hy­dro­gen and ex­cept he­lium. Rewrote the sub­sec­tion on ionic con­duc­tion.

• Nov. 16, 2010. Ver­sion 5.16 al­pha. Sec­ond and for now fi­nal ver­sion of the sub­sec­tion on typ­i­cal met­als and in­su­la­tors.

• Nov. 12, 2010. Ver­sion 5.15 al­pha. First rewrite of the sub­sec­tion on typ­i­cal met­als and in­su­la­tors.

• Nov. 1, 2010. Ver­sion 5.14 al­pha. Var­i­ous mi­nor rewrites in the chap­ter on macro­scopic sys­tems.

• Oct. 11, 2010. Ver­sion 5.13 al­pha. Tech­ni­cal mod­i­fi­ca­tions to al­low links in the pdf. Many peo­ple seem to use the pdf for read­ing in­stead of the web pages.

• Oct. 4, 2010. Ver­sion 5.12 al­pha. Var­i­ous mi­nor rewrites, in­clud­ing for sub­sec­tion 6.22.5. A num­ber of poor phras­ings pointed out by Ra­maswami Sas­try Vedam cor­rected.

• Sep. 13, 2010. Ver­sion 5.11 al­pha. Main change is the ad­di­tion of sub­sec­tion 6.22.5 giv­ing an in­tro­duc­tion to the band the­ory of three-di­men­sion­al crys­tals.

• Aug. 30, 2010. Ver­sion 5.10 al­pha. Added spec­tra of ac­tual ma­te­ri­als to the sec­tion on crys­tal mo­men­tum. Fixed an er­ro­neous state­ment about the pre­sen­ta­tion of spec­tra. Fixed an er­ror where spins were listed, but not in­cluded in the trans­for­ma­tion in the sec­tion on con­ser­va­tion laws and sym­me­tries.

• Aug. 23, 2010. Ver­sion 5.09 al­pha. Rewrites of p-n junc­tion and tran­sis­tor.

• Aug. 9, 2010. Ver­sion 5.08 al­pha. Third law moved to notes. Ed­its in the chap­ter on macro­scopic sys­tems. Draft proof of the On­sager re­la­tions added and im­me­di­ately re­moved. Gee. It will not be back.

• July 28, 2010. Ver­sion 5.07 al­pha. Bet­ter de­scrip­tion of the third law. Some rewrites and er­ror cor­rec­tions in ther­mo­electrics.

• July 23, 2010. Ver­sion 5.06 al­pha. Some rewrites and er­ror cor­rec­tions in ther­mo­electrics.

• July 19, 2010. Ver­sion 5.05 al­pha. Some er­ror cor­rec­tions in ther­mo­electrics and a dis­cus­sion of the On­sager re­la­tions added.

• July 16, 2010. Ver­sion 5.04 al­pha. Some rewrites and er­ror cor­rec­tions.

• July 13, 2010. Ver­sion 5.03 al­pha. Var­i­ous rewrites and er­ror cor­rec­tions. Also a new pe­ri­odic ta­ble.

• June 6, 2010. Ver­sion 5 al­pha. Lots of spelling and gram­mar cor­rec­tions, mi­nor rewrites, and ad­di­tions of sum­maries dur­ing teach­ing a 3 hour DIS on quan­tum lit­er­acy. Added a chap­ter on nu­clei. Added sec­tions and ta­bles on an­gu­lar mo­men­tum of shells. Al­pha de­cay has been moved to the new chap­ter on nu­clei. For­bid­den de­cays are now in­cluded. Var­i­ous pro­gram im­prove­ments/tun­ing. Cor­rected ef­fec­tive mass (for a two-body sys­tem) into re­duced. Added a chap­ter on macro­scopic sys­tems to Part II. Much of this chap­ter has been scav­enged from Part III. It is sup­posed to pro­vide some more prac­ti­cal knowl­edge in var­i­ous ar­eas. It was in­spired by the DIS men­tioned above, which showed you can­not do much of Part III in a sin­gle se­mes­ter. The semi­con­duc­tor dis­cus­sion in the chap­ter is all new.

• March 22, 2009. Ver­sion 4.2 al­pha. Spin ma­tri­ces for sys­tems greater than spin one half are now dis­cussed. Clas­si­cal La­grangian and Hamil­ton­ian dy­nam­ics is now cov­ered in a note. Spe­cial rel­a­tiv­ity is now cov­ered in a note. There is now a de­riva­tion of the hy­dro­gen di­pole se­lec­tion rules and more ex­ten­sive dis­cus­sion of for­bid­den tran­si­tions. An­gu­lar mo­men­tum and par­ity con­ser­va­tion in tran­si­tions are now dis­cussed. The Gamow the­ory data are now cor­rected for nu­clear ver­sus atomic mass. There is no per­ceiv­able dif­fer­ence, how­ever. The align­ment bars next to the elec­tro­mag­netic ta­bles in the web ver­sion should have been elim­i­nated.

• Jan. 1, 2009. Ver­sion 4.0 al­pha re­orders the book into two parts to achieve a much bet­ter book struc­ture. The changed think­ing jus­ti­fies a new ver­sion. Parts of the lengthy pref­ace have been moved to the notes. The back­ground sec­tions have been com­bined in their own chap­ter to re­duce dis­trac­tion in part II. There is now a de­riva­tion of ef­fec­tive mass in a note. A few more com­mu­ta­tors were added to the ref­er­ence. There is a note on Fourier trans­forms and the Par­se­val equal­ity. The stu­pid dis­cus­sion of group ve­loc­ity has been re­placed by a bet­ter (even more stu­pid?) one. Two of the gif an­i­ma­tions were er­ro­neous (the non­delta func­tion tun­nel­ing and the rapid drop po­ten­tial) and have been cor­rected. High res­o­lu­tion ver­sions of the an­i­ma­tions have been added. Time-de­pen­dent per­tur­ba­tion the­ory is now con­cisely cov­ered. WKB the­ory is now cov­ered. Al­pha de­cay is now in­cluded. The adi­a­batic the­o­rem is now cov­ered. Three-di­men­sion­al scat­ter­ing is now cov­ered, in a note. Fixed a mistyped shelf num­ber en­ergy in the thermo chap­ter. The de­riva­tions of the Dirac equa­tion and the gy­ro­mag­netic ra­tio of elec­tron spin have been moved to the notes. Note D.71 now gives the full de­riva­tion of the ex­pec­ta­tion Lorentz force. The di­rec­tion of the mag­netic field in the fig­ure for Maxwell’s fourth law was cor­rected. A sec­tion on elec­tro­sta­tic so­lu­tions has been added. The de­scrip­tion on elec­trons in mag­netic fields now in­cludes the dia­mag­netic con­tri­bu­tion. The sec­tion on Stern-Ger­lach was moved to the elec­tro­mag­netic sec­tion where it be­longs. Elec­tron split ex­per­i­ments have been re­moved com­pletely. There is now a full cov­er­age of time-in­de­pen­dent small per­tur­ba­tion the­ory, in­clud­ing the hy­dro­gen fine struc­ture. Nat­ural fre­quency is now an­gu­lar fre­quency. Gee. The Planck for­mula is now the Planck-Ein­stein re­la­tion. The Euler iden­tity is now the ap­par­ently more com­mon Euler for­mula. Black body as noun, black­body as com­pound ad­jec­tive.

• Jan. 19, 2009. Ver­sion 4.1 al­pha. There is now a dis­cus­sion of the Heisen­berg pic­ture. The hor­ri­bly writ­ten, ram­bling, in­co­her­ent, sec­tion on nearly-free elec­trons that has been both­er­ing me for years has been rewrit­ten into two much bet­ter sec­tions. There is now a dis­cus­sion on the quan­ti­za­tion of the elec­tro­mag­netic field, in­clud­ing pho­ton spin and spon­ta­neous emis­sion. The Rayleigh for­mula is now de­rived. The per­tur­ba­tion ex­pan­sion of eigen­func­tions now refers to Rel­lich’s book to show that it re­ally works for de­gen­er­ate eigen­func­tions.

• July 14, 2008. Ver­sion 3 beta 4.2 ex­pands the sec­tion on un­steady two-state sys­tems to in­clude a full dis­cus­sion of time-de­pen­dent per­tur­ba­tion the­ory, read emis­sion and ab­sorp­tion of ra­di­a­tion. Ear­lier ver­sions just had a highly con­densed ver­sion since I greatly dis­like the de­riva­tions in typ­i­cal text­books that are full of non­triv­ial as­sump­tions for which no jus­ti­fi­ca­tion is, or can be, given at all.

• July 2, 2008. Ver­sion 3 beta 4.1 adds a new, ad­vanced, chap­ter on ba­sic and quan­tum ther­mo­dy­nam­ics. An ad­vanced sec­tion on the fun­da­men­tal ideas un­der­ly­ing quan­tum field the­ory has also been added. The dis­cus­sion of the lambda tran­si­tion of he­lium ver­sus Bose-Ein­stein con­den­sa­tion has been rewrit­ten to re­flect the con­sid­er­able un­cer­tainty. Unique­ness has been added to the note on the hy­dro­gen mol­e­c­u­lar ion ground state prop­er­ties. Added a miss­ing $2\pi$ in the Rayleigh-Jeans for­mula.

• April 7, 2008. Ver­sion 3 beta 4 adds key points and ex­er­cises added to chap­ter 4, with the usual rewrites to im­prove clar­ity. The Dirich­let com­plete­ness proof of the Fourier modes has been moved from the so­lu­tion man­ual to the notes. The ac­tual ex­pres­sions for the hy­dro­gen mol­e­c­u­lar ion in­te­grals are now given in the note. The Lon­don force de­riva­tion has been moved to the notes. The sub­sec­tion of fer­ro­mag­net­ism has been rewrit­ten to more clearly re­flect the un­cer­tainty in the field, and a dis­cus­sion of Hund’s rules added.

• Dec. 20, 2007. Ver­sion 3 beta 3.4 cleans up the for­mat of the notes. No more need for load­ing an in­ter­minable web page of 64 notes all at the same time over your phone line to read 20 words. It also cor­rects a few er­rors, one im­por­tant one pointed out by Jo­hann Joss. It also also ex­tends some fur­ther grip­ing about cor­re­la­tion en­ergy to all three web lo­ca­tions. You may sur­mise from the lack of progress that I have been in­stalling Linux on my home PC. You are right.

• Sept. 9, 2007. Ver­sion 3 beta 3.3 mainly adds sec­tions on solids, that have been com­bined with rewrit­ten free and nearly-free elec­trons sec­tions into a full chap­ter on solids. The rest of the old chap­ter on ex­am­ples of mul­ti­ple par­ti­cle sys­tems has been pushed back into the ba­sic mul­ti­ple par­ti­cle sys­tems chap­ter. A com­pletely non­sen­si­cal dis­cus­sion in a para­graph of the free-elec­tron gas sec­tion was cor­rected; I can­not be­lieve I have read over that sev­eral times. I prob­a­bly was read­ing what I wanted to say in­stead of what I said. The al­ter­na­tive name twi­light terms has been sub­sti­tuted for ex­change terms. Many mi­nor changes.

• July 19, 2007. Ver­sion 3 beta 3.2 adds a sec­tion on Hartree-Fock. It took for­ever. My main re­gret is that most of them who wasted my time in this ma­jor way are prob­a­bly no longer around to be prop­erly blasted. Writ­ing a book on quan­tum me­chan­ics by an en­gi­neer for en­gi­neers is a mine­field of hav­ing to see through count­less poor de­f­i­n­i­tions and du­bi­ous ex­pla­na­tions. It takes for­ever. In view of the fact that many of those physi­cist were prob­a­bly sup­ported by tax pay­ers much of the time, it should not be such an ab­solute mess!

  There are some ad­di­tions on Born-Op­pen­heimer and the vari­a­tional for­mu­la­tion that were in the Hartree-Fock sec­tion, but that I took out, since they seemed to be too gen­eral to be shoved away in­side an ap­pli­ca­tion. Also rewrote sec­tion 5.7 and sub­sec­tion 5.9.2 to be con­sis­tent, and in par­tic­u­lar in or­der to have a sin­gle con­sis­tent no­ta­tion. Zero point en­ergy (the vac­uum kind) is back. What the heck.

• May 21, 2007. An up­dated ver­sion 3 beta 3.1 to cor­rect a poorly writ­ten sub­sec­tion on quan­tum con­fine­ment for the par­ti­cle in a pipe. Thanks to Swap­nil Jain for point­ing out the prob­lem. I do not want peo­ple to get lost so early in the game, so I made it a pri­or­ity cor­rec­tion. In gen­eral, I do think that the sec­tions added later to the doc­u­ment are not of the same qual­ity as the orig­i­nal with re­gard to writ­ing style. The rea­son is sim­ple. When I wrote the orig­i­nal, I was on a sab­bat­i­cal and had plenty of time to think and re­think how it would be clear­est. The later sec­tions are writ­ten dur­ing the few spare hours I can dig up. I write them and put them in. I would need a year off to do this as it re­ally should be done.

• May 5, 2007. There are now lists of key points and re­view ques­tions for chap­ter 3. That makes it the 3 beta 3 ver­sion. Var­i­ous other fixes, like spec­tral line broad­en­ing, He­lium's re­fusal to take on elec­trons, and count­less other less than ideal phras­ings. And full so­lu­tions of the har­monic os­cil­la­tor, spher­i­cal har­mon­ics, and hy­dro­gen wave func­tion ODEs, Man­delsh­tam-Tamm en­ergy-time un­cer­tainty, (all in the notes.) A dice is now a die, though it sounds hor­ri­ble to me. Zero point en­ergy went out again as too spec­u­la­tive.

• April 2, 2007. There are now lists of key points and re­view ques­tions for chap­ter 2. That makes it the 3 beta 2 ver­sion. So I guess the fi­nal beta ver­sion will be 3 beta 6. Var­i­ous other fixes. I also added, prob­a­bly un­wisely, a note about zero point en­ergy.

• Mid Feb.,2007. There are now lists of key points and re­view ques­tions for chap­ter 1. An­swers are in the new so­lu­tion man­ual.

• Mid Jan., 2007. Added sec­tions on con­fine­ment and den­sity of states, a com­mu­ta­tor ref­er­ence, a sec­tion on un­steady per­turbed two state sys­tems, and an ad­vanced chap­ter on an­gu­lar mo­men­tum, the Dirac equa­tion, the elec­tro­mag­netic field, and NMR. Fixed a du­bi­ous phras­ing about the Dirac equa­tion and other mi­nor changes.

• Mid April, 2006. Var­i­ous mi­nor fixes. Also I changed the for­mat from the ar­ti­cle” to the “book style.

• Mid Feb., 2006. A new ver­sion was posted. Main dif­fer­ences are cor­rec­tion of a num­ber of er­rors and im­proved de­scrip­tions of the free-elec­tron and band spec­tra. There is also a rewrite of the many worlds in­ter­pre­ta­tion to be clearer and less preachy.

• May 11 2005. I got cold feet on im­me­di­ately jump­ing into sep­a­ra­tion of vari­ables, so I added a sec­tion on a par­ti­cle in a pipe.

• May 4, 2005. A re­vised ver­sion was posted. I fi­nally read the pa­per by Everett, III on the many worlds in­ter­pre­ta­tion, and re­al­ized that I had to take the crap out of pretty much all my dis­cus­sions. I also rewrote every­thing to try to make it eas­ier to fol­low. I added the mo­tion of wave pack­ets to the dis­cus­sion and ex­panded the one on New­ton­ian mo­tion.

• Nov 27, 2004. A re­vised ver­sion was posted, fix­ing a ma­jor blun­der re­lated to a nasty prob­lem in us­ing clas­si­cal spring po­ten­tials for more than a sin­gle par­ti­cle. The fix re­quired ex­ten­sive changes. This ver­sion also added de­scrip­tions of how the wave func­tion of larger sys­tems is formed.

• Oct 24, 2004. The first ver­sion of this man­u­script was posted.

Part I is a draft.

Part II is mostly in a fairly good shape. But there are a few re­cent ad­di­tions that prob­a­bly could do with an­other look. Of course, fairly good is not the same as good. Chap­ter 7 is poor.

In Part III var­i­ous parts sure could do with a few more rewrites. For ex­am­ple, the ther­mo­dy­nam­ics chap­ter is quite em­bar­rass­ing. The chap­ter on nu­clei is an in­com­plete ab­solute mess.

The shape of ad­denda and notes is pretty much like their root chap­ters.

Some­what no­tably miss­ing at this time:

1.

Elec­tron split ex­per­i­ments. Do en­gi­neers need it?? Some men­tion is now in the ba­sic ideas chap­ter.

2.

Quan­tum elec­tro­dy­nam­ics. (The full rel­a­tivis­tic the­ory.) Do en­gi­neers need it??

3.

Den­sity-func­tional the­ory.

4.

Möss­bauer ef­fect.

5.

Su­per­flu­id­ity (but there is not re­ally a mi­cro­scopic the­ory.)

6.

Su­per­con­duc­tiv­ity.